Did you know that beneath our feet lies a vast source of clean energy? Geothermal energy is not science fiction, but a reality that is already helping to power our cities with environmentally friendly energy. Let’s dive into the depths of the Earth and discover why geothermal energy is becoming increasingly attractive.

According to the IRENA database (Renewable capacity statistics 2019), in 2018, the global installed capacity of geothermal power plants grew by 540 megawatts to reach 13,329 megawatts, and it continues to grow. According to IEA (International Energy Agency) forecasts, by 2040, global electricity consumption and production will increase by 60%, meaning the demand for electricity will be 26,400 TWh in 2025 and over 35,500 TWh in 2040. Consequently, alternative energy sources will be more important than ever in providing energy where it’s needed.

What is geothermal energy?
Geothermal energy is a method of generating electricity and heat by using the Earth’s natural heat. Deep below the surface, temperatures can reach hundreds of degrees, and this energy can be used to heat buildings and produce electricity.

How does it work? The main stages of the process:

  • Wells: Deep wells are drilled to access hot underground water or steam.
  • Heat exchange: Hot water or steam rises to the surface.
  • Turbines: Steam rotates turbines connected to generators.
  • Generation: Generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Advantages:

  • Stable source: Unlike solar or wind, geothermal energy is available 24/7.
  • Minimal environmental impact: Low CO2 emissions compared to traditional sources.
  • Longevity: Geothermal plants can operate for decades.
  • Versatility: Can be used for both electricity production and heating.

Challenges:

  • Geographical limitations: Not all regions have access to geothermal resources.
  • High initial costs: Drilling deep wells is expensive.
  • Earthquake risk: In some cases, it can affect seismic activity.
  • Reservoir depletion: If poorly managed, geothermal sources can be exhausted.

Interesting facts about geothermal energy:

  • Iceland gets over 25% of its electricity from geothermal sources.
  • Geothermal energy is widely used in California, USA, with more than 30 geothermal power plants producing over 90% of the geothermal electricity in the US. The world’s largest geothermal power plant is also in California – “The Geysers” complex.
  • Geothermal energy was used by ancient Romans to heat houses and public baths.
  • On July 4, 1904, Italian businessman Piero Ginori Conti successfully tested the first geothermal electric generator in Larderello, Italy. The created source could power four incandescent lamps. Later, in 1911, the world’s first industrial geothermal power plant was built there.

Geothermal energy is not just an alternative; it’s another possible path to a sustainable and environmentally clean energy future along with other renewable energy sources. The next time you feel heat from under the ground, remember: you’re standing on a huge source of clean energy.

This project is part of the “Renewable Energy for a Sustainable Ukraine” initiative, implemented by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK).